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UPPCS Prelims 2025: questions with answers

UPPCS Prelims 2025 (GS) · 150 questions. Try each question, then open its answer.

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  1. Q1Open question

    Which of the following statements with reference to 'blood' is/are correct? 1. Blood is composed of plasma and different types of cells. 2. The presence of haemoglobin makes blood appear red. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Blood = plasma + formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets); the iron-containing pigment haemoglobin in RBCs gives it the red colour.

  2. Q2Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Writer): A. Trivikram Bhatta B. Somdev C. Jaidev D. Kshemendra List-II (Book): 1. Gita Govinda 2. Brihatkathamanjari 3. Nal Champu 4. Katha Sarit Sagar Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    3. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    4. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

    Explanation

    Trivikrama Bhatta wrote Nala Champu, Somadeva wrote Kathasaritsagara, Jayadeva wrote Gita Govinda and Kshemendra wrote Brihatkathamanjari.

  3. Q3Open question

    With reference to the Jnanpith Award, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The 58th Jnanpith Award was conferred upon Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Ji. 2. The 1st Jnanpith Award was given in 1965. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The 58th Jnanpith (for 2023) went jointly to Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (Sanskrit) and Gulzar (Urdu); the first award was given in 1965 to G. Sankara Kurup.

  4. Q4Open question

    Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations in decreasing order of their frequencies. 1. Gamma rays 2. Ultraviolet rays 3. Radio waves 4. X-rays Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 1, 2, 3
    2. 4, 1, 3, 2
    3. 1, 4, 3, 2
    4. 1, 4, 2, 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 1, 4, 2, 3

    Explanation

    Frequency falls from gamma rays > X-rays > ultraviolet > visible > infrared > microwaves > radio waves.

  5. Q5Open question

    'Adi Karmayogi Beta Version - A Responsive Governance Initiative' was launched by which of the following ministries in June 2025? 1. Ministry of AYUSH 2. Ministry of Women and Child Development 3. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 4. Ministry of Tribal Affairs Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    Adi Karmayogi is the Ministry of Tribal Affairs' capacity-building programme to create a cadre of responsive officials for tribal areas.

  6. Q6Open question

    Which of the following departments prepares the National Indicator Framework Progress Report related to Sustainable Development Goals in Uttar Pradesh? 1. Department of Finance 2. Department of Education 3. Department of Planning Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 1 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    SDG monitoring in UP (including the indicator framework progress report) is handled by the state's Planning Department.

  7. Q7Open question

    With reference to 'Baking Soda', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is sodium hydrogen carbonate. 2. It is used in fire extinguishers. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Baking soda is NaHCO3; soda-acid fire extinguishers use it to release CO2 when mixed with acid.

  8. Q8Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Consumers can bargain below Maximum Retail Price (MRP). Reason (R): MRP is a price a seller must charge from the buyer. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    MRP is only the ceiling price; a seller may sell below it, so consumers can bargain. The Reason is false because MRP is not a mandatory price.

  9. Q9Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Nuclear Power Plant): A. Kudankulam B. Kakrapar C. Kaiga D. Rawatbhata List-II (State): 1. Karnataka 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Rajasthan 4. Gujarat Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    2. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    3. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    4. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

    Explanation

    Kudankulam is in Tamil Nadu, Kakrapar in Gujarat, Kaiga in Karnataka and Rawatbhata in Rajasthan.

  10. Q10Open question

    Consider the following elements found in a typical 70 kg man and arrange them in correct increasing order. 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Copper 4. Iron Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 4, 2, 1
    2. 4, 3, 2, 1
    3. 4, 3, 1, 2
    4. 3, 4, 1, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 3, 4, 1, 2

    Explanation

    A 70 kg adult has roughly 72 mg copper, about 4 g iron, about 100 g sodium and about 140 g potassium, so the increasing order is Cu < Fe < Na < K.

  11. Q11Open question

    Arrange the following saints in correct chronological order. 1. Nanak 2. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 3. Namdev 4. Kabir Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 3, 1, 2
    2. 4, 3, 2, 1
    3. 3, 4, 2, 1
    4. 3, 4, 1, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 3, 4, 1, 2

    Explanation

    Namdev (1270-1350), Kabir (c. 1398/1440-1518), Guru Nanak (b. 1469) and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (b. 1486).

  12. Q12Open question

    Consider the following and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana 2. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas 3. Integrated Rural Development Programme 4. National Rural Employment Programme Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 3, 2, 1
    2. 3, 4, 2, 1
    3. 3, 4, 1, 2
    4. 4, 3, 1, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 3, 4, 2, 1

    Explanation

    IRDP (1978-80), NREP (1980), DWCRA (1982) and JRY (1989).

  13. Q13Open question

    With reference to creation of a new All India Service, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. In the national interest, the Rajya Sabha can pass a resolution for creation of a new All India Service. 2. The resolution for creation of a new All India Service must be passed by the Rajya Sabha by two-third majority of the total members of the house. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Under Article 312 the Rajya Sabha may pass such a resolution, but the required majority is two-thirds of members present and voting, not of total membership.

  14. Q14Open question

    Consider the following committees relating to poverty and arrange their formation in correct chronological order. 1. Lakdawala Committee 2. Rangarajan Committee 3. Tendulkar Committee 4. Dandekar and Rath Committee Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1, 4, 3, 2
    2. 4, 1, 3, 2
    3. 4, 1, 2, 3
    4. 1, 4, 2, 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 4, 1, 3, 2

    Explanation

    Dandekar-Rath study (1971), Lakdawala Expert Group (1989-93), Tendulkar Committee (2005-09) and Rangarajan Committee (2012-14).

  15. Q15Open question

    With reference to 'Brazil', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The equatorial rainforests of Brazil are called 'Selvas'. 2. The dark black colour fertile land here is called 'Terra Roxa'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Amazon rainforests are called Selvas. Terra Roxa is the fertile dark purplish-red soil of the Brazilian coffee region, not a black soil, so statement 2 is doubtful. (Note: some keys treat both as correct.)

  16. Q16Open question

    Consider the following events and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Poona Pact 2. End of Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 4. Second Round Table Conference Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 3, 1, 2
    2. 3, 4, 1, 2
    3. 3, 4, 2, 1
    4. 4, 3, 2, 1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 3, 4, 1, 2

    Explanation

    Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931), Second RTC (Sept-Dec 1931), Poona Pact (Sept 1932) and formal withdrawal of Civil Disobedience (April 1934).

  17. Q17Open question

    With reference to the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar announced in June 2025, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Yuva Puraskar was announced in 23 Indian languages. 2. There is no Yuva Puraskar in Dogri this year. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    In June 2025 the Sahitya Akademi announced Yuva Puraskar for 23 of its 24 recognised languages; no award was announced in Dogri.

  18. Q18Open question

    Consider the following wars and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. First Anglo-Mysore War 2. Second Anglo-French War 3. First Anglo-Sikh War 4. First Anglo-Afghan War Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1, 2, 3, 4
    2. 2, 1, 3, 4
    3. 2, 1, 4, 3
    4. 1, 2, 4, 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 2, 1, 4, 3

    Explanation

    Second Carnatic (Anglo-French) War 1749-54, First Anglo-Mysore War 1767-69, First Anglo-Afghan War 1839-42, First Anglo-Sikh War 1845-46.

  19. Q19Open question

    Operation Brahma was launched by India in March 2025 to provide humanitarian aid to which of the following countries? 1. Bangladesh 2. Myanmar 3. Sri Lanka 4. Malaysia Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 2 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Only 1 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 2

    Explanation

    Operation Brahma was India's HADR mission after the 7.7-magnitude Myanmar earthquake of 28 March 2025.

  20. Q20Open question

    With reference to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The First Carnatic War ended. 2. Madras was returned to the British. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The treaty ended the War of Austrian Succession and with it the First Carnatic War; Madras, captured by the French in 1746, was restored to the English.

  21. Q21Open question

    Who among the following introduced the concept of entitlements in food security? 1. M. S. Swaminathan 2. Atul Pranay 3. Samali Srikant 4. Amartya Sen Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    Amartya Sen's entitlement approach (Poverty and Famines, 1981) explained famines as a failure of people's entitlements rather than food availability.

  22. Q22Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (State): A. Maharashtra B. Karnataka C. Bihar D. Tamil Nadu List-II (Number of seats in Rajya Sabha): 1. 16 2. 18 3. 19 4. 12 Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    2. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    3. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
    4. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

    Explanation

    Rajya Sabha seats: Maharashtra 19, Karnataka 12, Bihar 16, Tamil Nadu 18.

  23. Q23Open question

    Consider the following revolts and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Pabna 2. Indigo 3. Kuka 4. Sanyasi Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 4, 1, 2
    2. 4, 2, 3, 1
    3. 4, 3, 2, 1
    4. 3, 4, 2, 1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 4, 2, 3, 1

    Explanation

    Sanyasi revolt (1763-1800), Indigo revolt (1859-60), Kuka movement (1871-72), Pabna agrarian revolt (1873-76).

  24. Q24Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The interior part of Australia is desert and semi-desert. Reason (R): Northern Australia is situated in the temperate zone. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    Australia's interior is arid (Great Victoria, Gibson, Simpson deserts), but northern Australia lies in the tropics, so the Reason is false.

  25. Q25Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Evaporation of sweat from human skin dissipates body heat. Reason (R): High humidity on a hot day increases discomfort. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Sweat cools us through latent heat of evaporation; high humidity slows evaporation and so increases discomfort. Both are true, but R does not explain A.

  26. Q26Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): In the Himalayan mountains different types of vegetation are found. Reason (R): In the Himalayas, there are variations in climate with change in altitude. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Altitudinal zonation of temperature and rainfall produces tropical, temperate, alpine and tundra vegetation belts, so R explains A.

  27. Q27Open question

    With reference to the 'Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was developed and introduced in 2010. 2. It measures extreme poverty and includes those living on less than one dollar per day. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    OPHI and UNDP launched the global MPI in 2010. It measures deprivations in health, education and living standards, not an income line like $1 a day.

  28. Q28Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Emperor): A. Babur B. Humayun C. Jahangir D. Shah Jahan List-II (City where tomb is located): 1. Agra 2. Lahore 3. Delhi 4. Kabul Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    2. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    3. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    4. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

    Explanation

    Babur is buried in Kabul, Humayun in Delhi, Jahangir at Shahdara (Lahore) and Shah Jahan in the Taj Mahal, Agra.

  29. Q29Open question

    With reference to the Public Accounts Committee, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Public Accounts Committee submits its report to the Lok Sabha. 2. Public Accounts Committee consists of 15 members from Rajya Sabha. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Only 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    The PAC reports to the Lok Sabha. It has 22 members: 15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha.

  30. Q30Open question

    With reference to Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Income (MISHTI), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was initiated in 2019. 2. It aims to restore mangrove forests. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 2

    Explanation

    MISHTI was announced in the Union Budget 2023-24 (launched June 2023) to restore about 540 sq km of mangroves; it was not started in 2019.

  31. Q31Open question

    Consider the following events and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Cripps Mission 2. Cabinet Mission 3. Shimla Conference 4. Wavell Plan Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 1, 2, 3
    2. 1, 4, 2, 3
    3. 1, 4, 3, 2
    4. 4, 1, 3, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1, 4, 3, 2

    Explanation

    Cripps Mission (March 1942), Wavell Plan (announced June 1945), Shimla Conference (June-July 1945) to discuss it, Cabinet Mission (1946).

  32. Q32Open question

    Which of the following rivers fall into the Arabian Sea? 1. Periyar 2. Pennar 3. Palar Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. 1 and 2
    3. Only 1
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 1

    Explanation

    Periyar is a west-flowing Kerala river draining into the Arabian Sea; Pennar and Palar flow east into the Bay of Bengal.

  33. Q33Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Coal Field): A. Appalachian B. Lancashire C. Ruhr D. Kuzbass List-II (Country): 1. England 2. Germany 3. Russia 4. United States of America Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
    2. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
    3. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
    4. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

    Explanation

    Appalachian - USA, Lancashire - England, Ruhr - Germany, Kuzbass (Kuznetsk basin) - Russia.

  34. Q34Open question

    Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Dolphins and whales breathe through blowholes. 2. Earthworms breathe through the skin. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Cetaceans are air-breathing mammals using a blowhole (modified nostril); earthworms respire through their moist skin (cutaneous respiration).

  35. Q35Open question

    Which one of the following books is NOT written by Kalidas? 1. Meghaduta 2. Raghuvamsam 3. Shringar Shatak Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Meghaduta and Raghuvamsha are Kalidasa's works; Shringara Shataka is part of Bhartrihari's Shatakatraya.

  36. Q36Open question

    Which of the following pairs of Part of the Indian Constitution and its subject is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Part IV A - Fundamental Duties 2. Part VI - The States 3. Part XI - The Municipalities Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Part IVA is Fundamental Duties and Part VI is The States, but Municipalities are in Part IXA; Part XI deals with Union-State relations.

  37. Q37Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Voices of men and women are different. Reason (R): Length and thickness of vocal cords is different in men and women. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Men have longer, thicker vocal cords that vibrate at lower frequency, giving a lower pitch; this explains the difference.

  38. Q38Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Refinery): A. Nayara B. Manali C. Numaligarh D. Tatipaka List-II (State): 1. Assam 2. Gujarat 3. Andhra Pradesh 4. Tamil Nadu Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    3. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    4. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

    Explanation

    Nayara (Vadinar) - Gujarat, Manali (CPCL) - Tamil Nadu, Numaligarh - Assam, Tatipaka (ONGC) - Andhra Pradesh.

  39. Q39Open question

    With reference to 'Operation Olivia', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an initiative of the Indian Coast Guard to protect Olive Ridley turtles along the coast of Odisha. 2. Operation Olivia is carried out during the month of August which is the nesting time of Olive Ridley turtles. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    The Coast Guard runs Operation Olivia off Odisha every year from about November to May, covering the mass-nesting (arribada) season, not August.

  40. Q40Open question

    'BHARATPOL', an online portal for international police co-operation, has been developed by which of the following? 1. Central Bureau of Investigation 2. Research and Analysis Wing 3. Intelligence Bureau 4. Enforcement Directorate Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. Only 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    BHARATPOL was developed by the CBI (India's National Central Bureau for Interpol) and launched in January 2025.

  41. Q41Open question

    Which among the following words were inserted in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment? 1. Socialist 2. Secular 3. Sovereign 4. Republic Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The 42nd Amendment (1976) added 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity'; 'Sovereign' and 'Republic' were there from 1950.

  42. Q42Open question

    With reference to 'International Solar Alliance', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is the first treaty-based inter-governmental organisation headquartered in India with 38 member countries. 2. World Solar Bank and One Sun One World One Grid initiative were initiated under it. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 2

    Explanation

    ISA (HQ Gurugram) is the first treaty-based IGO headquartered in India, but it has over 100 member/signatory countries, not 38. OSOWOG and the World Solar Bank proposal are ISA initiatives.

  43. Q43Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Buland Darwaza was constructed at Fatehpur Sikri by the Mughal emperor Akbar. Reason (R): Akbar built this monument to commemorate the birth of his son Jahangir. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    Akbar built Buland Darwaza (c. 1575) to commemorate his victory over Gujarat, not Jahangir's birth.

  44. Q44Open question

    Consider the formation of the following States of India and arrange them in correct chronological order starting from the earliest to the last. 1. Punjab 2. Arunachal Pradesh 3. Nagaland 4. Sikkim Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 4, 1, 2
    2. 2, 3, 4, 1
    3. 3, 2, 4, 1
    4. 3, 1, 4, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 3, 1, 4, 2

    Explanation

    Nagaland (1963), present Punjab after reorganisation (1966), Sikkim (1975), Arunachal Pradesh (1987).

  45. Q45Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Pulitzer award categories): A. Fiction B. Music C. Biography D. Drama List-II (Awardee in 2025): 1. Jason Roberts 2. Branden Jacobs-Jenkins 3. Susie Ibarra 4. Percival Everett Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    2. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    3. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    4. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

    Explanation

    Pulitzer 2025: Fiction - Percival Everett (James); Music - Susie Ibarra; Biography - Jason Roberts; Drama - Branden Jacobs-Jenkins (Purpose).

  46. Q46Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Governor General/Viceroy): A. Lord Dalhousie B. Lord Curzon C. Lord William Bentinck D. Lord Cornwallis List-II (Important contribution/work): 1. Permanent Settlement of Bengal 2. Prohibition of practice of Sati 3. Partition of Bengal 4. Doctrine of Lapse Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    2. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    3. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    4. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

    Explanation

    Dalhousie - Doctrine of Lapse; Curzon - Partition of Bengal (1905); Bentinck - abolition of Sati (1829); Cornwallis - Permanent Settlement (1793).

  47. Q47Open question

    As per the One District One Product (ODOP) scheme of Uttar Pradesh, Moonj products are associated with which of the following districts? 1. Amethi 2. Sultanpur 3. Sant Kabir Nagar Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Moonj products are the ODOP of Amethi and Sultanpur (also Prayagraj); Sant Kabir Nagar's ODOP is brassware.

  48. Q48Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Biosphere Reserve - State) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Nokrek - Manipur 2. Manas - Assam 3. Agasthyamalai - Kerala Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is in Meghalaya (Garo Hills), not Manipur. Manas is in Assam and Agasthyamalai spans Kerala-Tamil Nadu.

  49. Q49Open question

    The Gobi Desert is spread across which of the following countries? 1. Mongolia 2. China 3. Russia 4. Kazakhstan Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 1, 2 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The Gobi covers southern Mongolia and northern/north-western China (Inner Mongolia).

  50. Q50Open question

    With reference to 'acids and bases', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Acidic solutions have pH more than 7. 2. Basic solutions have pH less than 7. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Neither 1 nor 2

    Explanation

    It is the reverse: acidic solutions have pH below 7 and basic solutions above 7.

  51. Q51Open question

    With reference to Municipalities, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The eligible age to be a member of a municipality is 25 years. 2. One-third of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in the municipalities is reserved for women. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Only 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Only 2

    Explanation

    Article 243V sets the minimum age for municipal membership at 21 years; Article 243T reserves not less than one-third of directly elected seats for women.

  52. Q52Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Coal producing area - State) is/are correctly matched? 1. Maolong - Arunachal Pradesh 2. Raniganj - West Bengal 3. Ramgarh - Jharkhand 4. Talcher - Odisha Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 2, 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 2, 3 and 4

    Explanation

    Mawlong (Maolong) coalfield is in Meghalaya's Khasi Hills. Raniganj (WB), Ramgarh (Jharkhand) and Talcher (Odisha) are correct.

  53. Q53Open question

    Arrange the following conquests of Alauddin Khalji in correct chronological order. 1. Ranthambore 2. Jaisalmer 3. Warangal 4. Chittor Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 2, 1, 4, 3
    2. 1, 2, 4, 3
    3. 1, 2, 3, 4
    4. 2, 1, 3, 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) 2, 1, 4, 3

    Explanation

    Jaisalmer (c. 1299), Ranthambore (1301), Chittor (1303), Warangal (1309-10).

  54. Q54Open question

    With reference to the New Pamban Bridge, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was constructed by Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, which is a 'Navratna' public sector unit under the Ministry of Railways. 2. It is India's first vertical lift railway sea bridge. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The New Pamban Bridge (inaugurated April 2025) was built by RVNL, a Navratna PSU, and is India's first vertical-lift railway sea bridge.

  55. Q55Open question

    Which of the following Ramsar wetland sites is/are NOT situated in Uttar Pradesh? 1. Sarsai Nawar Jheel 2. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary 3. Rudrasagar Lake 4. Sultanpur National Park Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) 3 and 4

    Explanation

    Sarsai Nawar and Samaspur are UP Ramsar sites; Rudrasagar is in Tripura and Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana.

  56. Q56Open question

    Joint special forces exercise 'KHANJAR-XII' was held in March 2025 between India and which of the following countries? 1. Russia 2. Turkmenistan 3. Kyrgyzstan 4. Mongolia Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. Only 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Only 3

    Explanation

    Khanjar is the India-Kyrgyzstan special forces exercise; the 12th edition was held in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan in March 2025.

  57. Q57Open question

    Who among the following were the members of the Fazal Ali Commission? 1. K. T. Shah 2. K. M. Panikkar 3. P. Sitaramaiah 4. H. N. Kunzru Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 2 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) 2 and 4

    Explanation

    The States Reorganisation Commission (1953) was chaired by Fazl Ali with K. M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru as members.

  58. Q58Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary): A. Dachigam B. Keoladeo C. Kanha D. Periyar List-II (State/Union Territory): 1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Kerala 4. Jammu and Kashmir Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    3. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    4. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

    Explanation

    Dachigam - J&K, Keoladeo - Rajasthan, Kanha - Madhya Pradesh, Periyar - Kerala.

  59. Q59Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Tribe - Habitat) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Bushman - Kalahari Desert 2. Eskimo - Northern Canada 3. Pygmy - Congo Basin 4. Masai - West Africa Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1, 2 and 3
    4. Only 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    The Masai are pastoralists of East Africa (Kenya-Tanzania), not West Africa; the other pairs are correct.

  60. Q60Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Food security is necessary even in surplus food production years. Reason (R): Starvation can still occur due to unequal distribution and lack of accessibility. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Food security needs availability, access and absorption; even with surplus output, poor access causes hunger, which explains A.

  61. Q61Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Disciple): A. Kabir B. Amir Khusrau C. Surdas D. Mardana List-II (Guru): 1. Guru Nanak Dev 2. Swami Ramananda 3. Nizamuddin Auliya 4. Vallabhacharya Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
    2. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
    3. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    4. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

    Explanation

    Kabir - Ramananda; Amir Khusrau - Nizamuddin Auliya; Surdas - Vallabhacharya; Bhai Mardana - Guru Nanak.

  62. Q62Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Public Interest Litigation in India is essential for the rule of law. Reason (R): Public Interest Litigation provides effective access to justice to socially and economically weaker sections. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    PIL relaxes locus standi so the disadvantaged can reach courts, strengthening the rule of law; R explains A.

  63. Q63Open question

    Arrange the following events in correct chronological order. 1. Battle of Kannauj 2. Battle of Daurah 3. Battle of Samugarh 4. Battle of Chausa Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 2, 1, 3
    2. 2, 4, 1, 3
    3. 2, 4, 3, 1
    4. 4, 2, 3, 1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 2, 4, 1, 3

    Explanation

    Daurah/Dadrah (1532), Chausa (1539), Kannauj (1540), Samugarh (1658).

  64. Q64Open question

    Arrange the following States of India in ascending order on the basis of their area. 1. Haryana 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Punjab 4. Uttarakhand Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 1, 4, 2
    2. 1, 3, 4, 2
    3. 1, 3, 2, 4
    4. 3, 1, 2, 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 1, 3, 4, 2

    Explanation

    Areas: Haryana ~44,212 sq km < Punjab ~50,362 < Uttarakhand ~53,483 < Himachal Pradesh ~55,673. (The criterion is cut off in the scan; area is the basis consistent with the options.)

  65. Q65Open question

    With reference to hydroelectricity in India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. There are huge possibilities of hydroelectricity in the Himalayan region. 2. Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar cannot utilise this potential as the Himalayas situated to their north lie within the boundary of Nepal. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    The Himalayas hold most of India's hydro potential; for eastern UP and Bihar the adjoining Himalayan stretch lies in Nepal, so they cannot tap it directly.

  66. Q66Open question

    With reference to 'Isotopes', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Atoms with identical atomic number but different atomic mass numbers are known as isotopes. 2. Protium, Deuterium and Tritium are isotopes of carbon. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Isotopes share atomic number but differ in mass number; protium, deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen, not carbon.

  67. Q67Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Committees of Constituent Assembly): A. Union Constitution Committee B. Rules of Procedure Committee C. Drafting Committee D. Fundamental Rights Sub-committee List-II (Chairman): 1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 2. J. B. Kripalani 3. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar 4. Jawaharlal Nehru Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
    2. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
    3. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
    4. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

    Explanation

    Union Constitution Committee - Nehru; Rules of Procedure - Rajendra Prasad; Drafting - Ambedkar; Fundamental Rights Sub-committee - J. B. Kripalani.

  68. Q68Open question

    With reference to 'earthworms', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Earthworms improve soil fertility and are known as farmers' friends. 2. Earthworm has two pairs of hearts. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Earthworms aerate and enrich soil (farmer's friend), but they have four pairs of lateral hearts, not two.

  69. Q69Open question

    With reference to 'Atal Tunnel', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. This tunnel is the world's longest highway tunnel. 2. This tunnel is built in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayas. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 2

    Explanation

    Atal Tunnel (9.02 km, Rohtang) is the world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 ft, not the longest overall (Laerdal, Norway, is ~24.5 km). It passes under the Pir Panjal range.

  70. Q70Open question

    Which of the following archaeological sites related to Indus Valley civilization are situated in present day Uttar Pradesh? 1. Mandi 2. Rakhigarhi 3. Hulas Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 1 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 1 and 3

    Explanation

    Mandi (Muzaffarnagar) and Hulas (Saharanpur) are in UP; Rakhigarhi is in Hisar, Haryana.

  71. Q71Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Padma Vibhushan fields 2025): A. Trade and Industry B. Literature and Education C. Medicine D. Art List-II (Awardee 2025): 1. Shri Lakshminarayana Subramaniam 2. Shri Osamu Suzuki 3. Shri M. T. Vasudevan Nair 4. Shri D. Nageshwar Reddy Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    2. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    3. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
    4. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

    Explanation

    Padma Vibhushan 2025: Osamu Suzuki (Trade & Industry, posthumous), M. T. Vasudevan Nair (Literature & Education, posthumous), Dr D. Nageshwar Reddy (Medicine), violinist L. Subramaniam (Art).

  72. Q72Open question

    Which of the following events took place in the year 1911? 1. Partition of Bengal revoked 2. Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi 3. Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1 and 2

    Explanation

    At the Delhi Durbar of December 1911 the annulment of Bengal's partition and the shift of the capital to Delhi were announced; the Lucknow Pact came in 1916.

  73. Q73Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Finance Commission): A. Eleventh B. Twelfth C. Thirteenth D. Fourteenth List-II (Chairman): 1. Dr. C. Rangarajan 2. Dr. Y. V. Reddy 3. Prof. A. M. Khusro 4. Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    2. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
    3. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
    4. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

    Explanation

    11th FC - A. M. Khusro; 12th - C. Rangarajan; 13th - Vijay Kelkar; 14th - Y. V. Reddy.

  74. Q74Open question

    Which of the following programmes/schemes is/are NOT included in meeting the objectives of National Education Policy 2020? 1. ULLAS 2. DIKSHA 3. Bharat Nirman Programme Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 1 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    ULLAS (adult literacy) and DIKSHA (digital learning platform) support NEP 2020; Bharat Nirman (2005) was a rural infrastructure programme.

  75. Q75Open question

    The Global Financial Stability Report is released by which among the following? 1. International Monetary Fund 2. World Economic Forum 3. World Bank Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    The GFSR is published twice a year by the IMF.

  76. Q76Open question

    Suez Canal connects which of the following? 1. Atlantic Ocean 2. Red Sea 3. Mediterranean Sea 4. Indian Ocean Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2 and 3

    Explanation

    The Suez Canal in Egypt links the Mediterranean Sea (Port Said) with the Red Sea (Suez).

  77. Q77Open question

    The Appiko Movement is associated with which of the following Indian States? 1. Uttarakhand 2. Uttar Pradesh 3. Kerala 4. Karnataka Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    Appiko (1983) was a Chipko-style tree-hugging movement in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka.

  78. Q78Open question

    Iron Dome missile defence system belongs to which of the following countries? 1. France 2. United States of America 3. Israel Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Iron Dome is Israel's short-range air defence system developed by Rafael and Israel Aerospace Industries.

  79. Q79Open question

    With reference to lichens, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Lichens are very good indicators of air pollution. 2. Lichens grow well in polluted areas. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Lichens are highly sensitive to SO2, so they are bio-indicators of air pollution and do not grow in polluted areas.

  80. Q80Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): India has a Parliamentary system of Government. Reason (R): In India, the executive is responsible to the legislature. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    The defining feature of the parliamentary system is the executive's collective responsibility to the legislature (Article 75(3)).

  81. Q81Open question

    With reference to 'Carrying Capacity of Environment', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The rate of resource extraction should remain above the rate of resource regeneration. 2. Generation of waste should remain within the absorption capacity of the environment. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 2

    Explanation

    Sustainable use requires extraction to stay below regeneration, and wastes to stay within the environment's absorptive capacity. Only statement 2 is correct.

  82. Q82Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Ruler): A. Mahendravarman First B. Kadungon C. Amoghavarsha First D. Rajaraja First List-II (Dynasty): 1. Rashtrakuta 2. Pallava 3. Chola 4. Pandya Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
    2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    3. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    4. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

    Explanation

    Mahendravarman I - Pallava; Kadungon - Pandya (revived Pandya power c. 590); Amoghavarsha I - Rashtrakuta; Rajaraja I - Chola.

  83. Q83Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (State): A. Tamil Nadu B. Rajasthan C. Nagaland D. Madhya Pradesh List-II (Highest Peak): 1. Dhupgarh 2. Doddabetta 3. Guru Shikhar 4. Saramati Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    2. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
    4. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

    Explanation

    Tamil Nadu - Doddabetta; Rajasthan - Guru Shikhar; Nagaland - Saramati; Madhya Pradesh - Dhupgarh.

  84. Q84Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Babur wrote Tuzk-e-Baburi in Chagatai Turki. Reason (R): Turki was the official language of the Mughal Court. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    Babur wrote his memoirs (Baburnama) in Chagatai Turkish, but Persian was the official court language of the Mughals.

  85. Q85Open question

    With reference to Lifestyle for the Environment (LiFE), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was launched in June 2022. 2. Its idea was proposed at the COP in Madrid, Spain. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    PM Modi introduced the LiFE idea at COP26 in Glasgow (2021); the global LiFE movement was launched on 5 June 2022. COP25 in Madrid was not its origin.

  86. Q86Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The concept of National Integration involves political, economic, social, cultural and psychological dimensions and inter-relation between them. Reason (R): The National Integration Council was constituted in 1961 on the principle of 'Unity in Diversity'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Both statements are true (the NIC was set up after the 1961 National Integration Conference), but the Council's creation does not explain the multidimensional nature of national integration.

  87. Q87Open question

    Consider the following and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Food for Work Programme 2. Community Development Programme 3. Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) 4. Drought Prone Area Programme Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 2, 4, 1, 3
    2. 4, 2, 1, 3
    3. 4, 2, 3, 1
    4. 2, 4, 3, 1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) 2, 4, 1, 3

    Explanation

    Community Development Programme (1952), DPAP (1973), Food for Work (1977), TRYSEM (1979).

  88. Q88Open question

    Which of the following prepared the Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024? 1. Central Pollution Control Board 2. Central Water Commission 3. Central Groundwater Board Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    The Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024 was released by the Central Ground Water Board under the Jal Shakti Ministry.

  89. Q89Open question

    With reference to 'ozone layer', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Ozone layer shields the surface of the earth from the ultra-violet radiations from the sun. 2. Ozone depletion has been linked to the chlorofluorocarbons. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Stratospheric ozone absorbs harmful UV-B/UV-C; chlorine released from CFCs catalytically destroys ozone.

  90. Q90Open question

    As per the India State of Forest Report 2023, which of the following districts in Uttar Pradesh had forest over more than 20% of their total area? 1. Bahraich 2. Chandauli 3. Shravasti Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2 and 3

    Explanation

    Among UP districts, Sonbhadra, Chandauli and Shravasti are among the few with more than 20% forest cover; Bahraich is lower. (Low-confidence answer; verify with the official key.)

  91. Q91Open question

    Consider the following events and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Acquisition of Awadh by the British 2. Ilbert Bill Controversy 3. Indigo Revolt 4. Second Anglo-Afghan War Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 1, 2, 4
    2. 1, 3, 2, 4
    3. 1, 3, 4, 2
    4. 3, 1, 4, 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1, 3, 4, 2

    Explanation

    Annexation of Awadh (1856), Indigo Revolt (1859-60), Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-80), Ilbert Bill (1883).

  92. Q92Open question

    Which of the following districts of Uttar Pradesh share their boundary with only one other district of Uttar Pradesh? 1. Lalitpur 2. Saharanpur 3. Sonbhadra Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. All 1, 2 and 3
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Lalitpur touches only Jhansi within UP (it is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh). Saharanpur adjoins Muzaffarnagar and Shamli; Sonbhadra adjoins Mirzapur and Chandauli. (Verify with the official key.)

  93. Q93Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Railway Zone - Headquarters) is/are correctly matched? 1. Northern Railway - New Delhi 2. North Eastern Railway - Gorakhpur 3. South Eastern Railway - Cuttack Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Only 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Northern Railway - New Delhi, North Eastern Railway - Gorakhpur; South Eastern Railway is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata.

  94. Q94Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Investment in human capital yields returns in the future. Reason (R): Education and health make people more productive. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Spending on education and health raises productivity and future earnings; that is exactly why human capital investment pays off.

  95. Q95Open question

    With reference to the 'Joint Sitting of Parliament', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Article 109 of the Constitution of India provides for the Joint Sitting of Parliament. 2. A Joint Sitting of Parliament may be called to pass a Constitution Amendment Bill. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Only 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Neither 1 nor 2

    Explanation

    Joint sittings are under Article 108 (Article 109 deals with Money Bills), and there is no joint sitting for Constitution Amendment Bills under Article 368.

  96. Q96Open question

    With reference to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The World Bank and International Monetary Fund were set up together and are popularly known as Bretton Woods Twins. 2. Headquarters of International Monetary Fund and World Bank are located at Washington D.C. and New York respectively. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Both emerged from the 1944 Bretton Woods conference ('Bretton Woods twins'), and both are headquartered in Washington D.C.

  97. Q97Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Lok Sabha): A. 11th Lok Sabha B. 12th Lok Sabha C. 14th Lok Sabha D. 17th Lok Sabha List-II (Lok Sabha Speaker): 1. Om Birla 2. P. A. Sangma 3. Somnath Chatterjee 4. G. M. C. Balayogi Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
    2. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    3. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
    4. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

    Explanation

    11th - P. A. Sangma; 12th - G. M. C. Balayogi; 14th - Somnath Chatterjee; 17th - Om Birla.

  98. Q98Open question

    Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana comes under which of the following? 1. Ministry of Corporate Affairs 2. Ministry of Rural Development 3. Ministry of Finance Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    PMMY (2015) is run by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, through MUDRA Ltd.

  99. Q99Open question

    Which of the following two are the main constituents of biogas? 1. Methane 2. Butane 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Carbon monoxide Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1 and 3

    Explanation

    Biogas is mostly methane (50-75%) and carbon dioxide (25-50%).

  100. Q100Open question

    Who among the following Indian novelists and journalists is/are part of the five-member jury for the 2026 International Booker Prize? 1. Natasha Brown 2. Kiran Desai 3. Nilanjana S. Roy 4. Rajni Chauhan Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. Only 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Only 3

    Explanation

    Indian writer-journalist Nilanjana S. Roy is on the 2026 International Booker jury; the chair, Natasha Brown, is a British novelist.

  101. Q101Open question

    Who among the following resigned from the Viceroy's Executive Council, saddened by the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre? 1. Chettur Sankaran Nair 2. Ishwari Prasad 3. Muhammad Shafi 4. Iqbal Narain Gurtu Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Sir C. Sankaran Nair resigned from the Viceroy's Executive Council in protest against the Punjab atrocities of 1919.

  102. Q102Open question

    Which of the following districts is/are part of the Devipatan Division in Uttar Pradesh? 1. Basti 2. Bahraich 3. Balrampur Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Only 2 and 3

    Explanation

    Devipatan division (HQ Gonda) comprises Gonda, Bahraich, Shravasti and Balrampur; Basti heads its own division.

  103. Q103Open question

    Consider the following election reforms in India and arrange them in correct chronological order starting from earliest to the last. 1. Voters photo identity card 2. Electronic voting machine 3. Voter verifiable paper audit trail 4. NOTA Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1, 2, 4, 3
    2. 2, 1, 4, 3
    3. 2, 1, 3, 4
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 2, 1, 3, 4

    Explanation

    EVMs were first used in 1982 (Paravur, Kerala); EPIC was introduced in 1993; VVPAT was first used in September 2013 (Noksen, Nagaland); NOTA followed the SC judgment of 27 September 2013 and was first used in the Nov-Dec 2013 assembly polls.

  104. Q104Open question

    With reference to Global Environment Facility, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was established in 1991. 2. Only the developed countries are donors to it. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    GEF was set up in 1991 ahead of the Rio Summit. Several developing countries, including India and China, also contribute to its trust fund.

  105. Q105Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Sustainable Development Goals): A. Goal 1 B. Goal 3 C. Goal 4 D. Goal 6 List-II (Area of Goal): 1. Clean water and sanitation 2. Quality education 3. To end poverty in all forms 4. Good health and well-being Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    2. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    3. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    4. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

    Explanation

    SDG 1 - No poverty; SDG 3 - Good health and well-being; SDG 4 - Quality education; SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation.

  106. Q106Open question

    Global Wage Report 2024-25 was released by which of the following organisations? 1. International Labour Organisation 2. World Bank 3. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    The Global Wage Report is a flagship ILO publication.

  107. Q107Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Port): A. Paradeep B. Tuticorin C. Kakinada D. Alappuzha List-II (State): 1. Tamil Nadu 2. Kerala 3. Odisha 4. Andhra Pradesh Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
    2. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
    3. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
    4. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

    Explanation

    Paradip - Odisha; Tuticorin (V.O. Chidambaranar) - Tamil Nadu; Kakinada - Andhra Pradesh; Alappuzha - Kerala.

  108. Q108Open question

    Which of the following gases is/are lighter than air? 1. Hydrogen chloride 2. Sulfur dioxide 3. Helium Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Air's average molar mass is about 29 g/mol. Helium (4) is lighter; HCl (36.5) and SO2 (64) are heavier.

  109. Q109Open question

    'Swavalambini', a women entrepreneurship programme for the North-East, is launched by which of the following ministries? 1. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2. Ministry of Women and Child Development 3. Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Swavalambini was launched by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in partnership with NITI Aayog for women students in the North-East.

  110. Q110Open question

    Arrange the following Peshwas in chronological order of their rule. 1. Bajirao I 2. Balaji Bajirao 3. Balaji Vishwanath 4. Madhav Rao I Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3, 1, 4, 2
    2. 1, 3, 4, 2
    3. 1, 3, 2, 4
    4. 3, 1, 2, 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 3, 1, 2, 4

    Explanation

    Balaji Vishwanath (1713-20), Bajirao I (1720-40), Balaji Bajirao/Nanasaheb (1740-61), Madhav Rao I (1761-72).

  111. Q111Open question

    Which of the following languages is/are NOT included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution? 1. Nepali 2. Dogri 3. Bodo 4. Bhojpuri Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    Nepali was added in 1992 and Dogri and Bodo in 2003 (92nd Amendment); Bhojpuri is not in the Eighth Schedule.

  112. Q112Open question

    With reference to 'silver articles', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Silver articles turn black after some time when exposed to air. 2. It happens due to coating of silver sulphide. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Silver tarnishes by reacting with hydrogen sulphide in air, forming a black layer of silver sulphide (Ag2S).

  113. Q113Open question

    With reference to 'Delhi Government's Bio-decomposer and Spray Programme', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The bio-decomposer solution is provided free of cost to farmers to help convert stubble into manure. 2. The bio-decomposer solution is prepared using a mix of several fungi. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Delhi sprays the IARI-developed Pusa bio-decomposer free for farmers; it is a consortium of several fungal strains that decompose paddy stubble into manure.

  114. Q114Open question

    Which of the following is/are Financial Committees of Parliament in India? 1. Public Accounts Committee 2. Estimates Committee 3. Committee on Public Undertakings Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. All 1, 2 and 3
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) All 1, 2 and 3

    Explanation

    The three financial committees are the PAC, the Estimates Committee and the Committee on Public Undertakings.

  115. Q115Open question

    Which of the following countries is/are NOT a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council? 1. Bahrain 2. Iran 3. Iraq 4. Qatar Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. Only 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 2 and 3

    Explanation

    GCC members: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Iran and Iraq are not members.

  116. Q116Open question

    With reference to 'Human Development Index', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The UNDP published its first Human Development Report in 1990, which had a Human Development Index. 2. The first team that developed the Human Development Index was led by Mahbub-ul-Haq and S. Priesner. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    The first HDR (1990) introduced the HDI. It was developed by a team led by Mahbub ul Haq with Amartya Sen and others, so statement 2's pairing is doubtful. (Verify with the official key.)

  117. Q117Open question

    Which of the following pairs is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. National Voters Day (India) - 25 January 2. Constitution Day (India) - 27 January 3. Human Rights Day (World) - 29 January Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2 and 3

    Explanation

    National Voters' Day is 25 January, but Constitution Day is 26 November and Human Rights Day is 10 December.

  118. Q118Open question

    Consider the following and arrange them in the correct chronological order. 1. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 3. Jal Jeevan Mission 4. National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 2, 1, 3
    2. 4, 2, 3, 1
    3. 2, 4, 1, 3
    4. 2, 4, 3, 1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 2, 4, 1, 3

    Explanation

    JNNURM (2005), National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (2007), AMRUT (2015), Jal Jeevan Mission (2019).

  119. Q119Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Pass - State/Union Territory) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Lipulekh - Ladakh 2. Nathu La - Sikkim 3. Bomdila - Arunachal Pradesh 4. Shipki La - Himachal Pradesh Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 2, 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Lipulekh is in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand (Kailash-Mansarovar route); the other three pairs are correct.

  120. Q120Open question

    With reference to 'Ecosystem', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Green plants in terrestrial ecosystems capture about 1% of energy of sunlight that falls on their leaves. 2. Around 10% of organic matter reaches to the next higher level of consumers. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Plants fix only about 1% (1-5%) of incident sunlight, and Lindeman's 10% law says roughly 10% of energy passes to the next trophic level.

  121. Q121Open question

    Which of the following enzymes is/are released in the stomach for protein digestion? 1. Chymotrypsin 2. Trypsin 3. Pepsin Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. 1, 2 and 3
    3. Only 1 and 2
    4. Only 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Pepsin (from pepsinogen) acts in the stomach; trypsin and chymotrypsin are pancreatic enzymes acting in the small intestine.

  122. Q122Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Iron-ore Mines): A. Gurumahisani B. Bailadila C. Noamundi D. Kudremukh List-II (State): 1. Jharkhand 2. Karnataka 3. Odisha 4. Chhattisgarh Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
    2. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    3. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
    4. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

    Explanation

    Gurumahisani - Odisha (Mayurbhanj); Bailadila - Chhattisgarh; Noamundi - Jharkhand; Kudremukh - Karnataka.

  123. Q123Open question

    Which of the following countries is/are NOT a member of the 'Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation (BIMSTEC)'? 1. Thailand 2. Nepal 3. Bhutan 4. Indonesia Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 2 and 3
    4. 1 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    BIMSTEC members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Indonesia is not a member.

  124. Q124Open question

    Which of the following sites were obtained by the British East India Company under the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816? 1. Kathmandu 2. Shimla 3. Ranikhet 4. Nainital Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3 and 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2, 3 and 4

    Explanation

    After the Anglo-Nepal War, Nepal ceded Kumaon, Garhwal and the Shimla hill tracts, which include Shimla, Ranikhet and Nainital; Kathmandu stayed with Nepal.

  125. Q125Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Poverty line differs across time and countries. Reason (R): The basic needs of people vary across regions and over time. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Poverty lines reflect minimum needs and price levels, which differ between countries and change over time, so R explains A.

  126. Q126Open question

    Consider the tenure of the following Presidents of India and arrange them in correct chronological order starting from earliest to the last. 1. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 2. K. R. Narayanan 3. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 4. R. Venkataraman Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 4, 1, 3, 2
    2. 1, 4, 3, 2
    3. 1, 4, 2, 3
    4. 4, 1, 2, 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1, 4, 2, 3

    Explanation

    N. Sanjiva Reddy (1977-82), R. Venkataraman (1987-92), K. R. Narayanan (1997-2002), A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002-07).

  127. Q127Open question

    With reference to 'Uttar Pradesh', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of potato in the country. 2. Government of India has approved the establishment of South Asia Regional Centre of International Potato Centre at Aligarh. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    UP is India's largest potato producer. The Union Cabinet (June 2025) approved the CIP South Asia Regional Centre at Singna, Agra, not Aligarh.

  128. Q128Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Schedule): A. 7th Schedule B. 8th Schedule C. 9th Schedule D. 10th Schedule List-II (Subject): 1. Languages 2. Disqualification on ground of defection 3. Union, State and Concurrent lists 4. Validation of certain Acts/Regulations Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
    2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
    3. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
    4. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

    Explanation

    7th - Union/State/Concurrent lists; 8th - languages; 9th - validation of certain Acts; 10th - anti-defection.

  129. Q129Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Generally an alloy of lead and tin is used as a material of the fuse wire. Reason (R): Alloy of lead and tin has a higher melting point than copper and aluminium. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    Fuse wire (tin-lead) is chosen for its low melting point so that it melts on overload; the Reason is false.

  130. Q130Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Day - Date) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. International Ozone Day - 16 September 2. World Environment Day - 5 June 3. World Wildlife Day - 22 March Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    World Wildlife Day is 3 March (22 March is World Water Day); the other two pairs are correct.

  131. Q131Open question

    Which of the following pairs (City - River) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Budapest - Danube 2. Cologne - Rhine 3. New Orleans - Missouri 4. Hyderabad (India) - Paleru Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3 and 4
    2. Only 1 and 2
    3. Only 1, 2 and 3
    4. Only 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3 and 4

    Explanation

    New Orleans is on the Mississippi and Hyderabad on the Musi; Budapest (Danube) and Cologne (Rhine) are correct.

  132. Q132Open question

    Which of the following is/are NOT a dimension of food security? 1. Availability 2. Accessibility 3. Affordability 4. Accountability Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    Food security (NCERT) means availability, accessibility and affordability of food; accountability is not one of its dimensions.

  133. Q133Open question

    Four Buddhist Councils were held at the following places. Arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Vaishali 2. Rajagriha 3. Kundalvana 4. Pataliputra Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 2, 1, 3, 4
    2. 1, 2, 3, 4
    3. 1, 2, 4, 3
    4. 2, 1, 4, 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2, 1, 4, 3

    Explanation

    First Council at Rajagriha (c. 483 BCE), second at Vaishali (c. 383 BCE), third at Pataliputra (c. 250 BCE, Ashoka), fourth at Kundalvana, Kashmir (Kanishka).

  134. Q134Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The Himalayas form the source of several large perennial rivers. Reason (R): The higher ranges of the Himalayas are snow covered throughout the year. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Snow and glacier melt from the permanently snow-covered higher Himalaya keep rivers like the Ganga and Indus perennial.

  135. Q135Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): India's success is critical for the global success of Sustainable Development Goals. Reason (R): India accounts for nearly one-sixth of the total world population. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    With about 17-18% of humanity, India's progress heavily shapes global SDG outcomes, which is why R explains A.

  136. Q136Open question

    Pushkar Kumbh Mela 2025 was held in May 2025 in which of the following State(s)? 1. Rajasthan 2. Uttar Pradesh 3. Uttarakhand Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    The 2025 Pushkar Kumbh was held at Keshav Prayag near Mana village (Chamoli), Uttarakhand, at the Alaknanda-Saraswati confluence; it is not the Pushkar fair of Rajasthan.

  137. Q137Open question

    With reference to Panchayati Raj Institutions in India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Tenure of Panchayati Raj Institutions shall be of 5 years. 2. In Panchayati Raj Institutions, out of the seats reserved, 1/4 of the seats shall be reserved for women belonging to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Article 243E gives panchayats a five-year term; Article 243D reserves not less than one-third (not one-fourth) of SC/ST reserved seats for women of those groups.

  138. Q138Open question

    Which among the following is/are NOT a social indicator of poverty? 1. Illiteracy 2. Safe drinking water 3. Job opportunities 4. Size of the house Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 4
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 3 and 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 4

    Explanation

    NCERT lists illiteracy, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, and lack of safe drinking water and sanitation as social indicators; house size is not one of them. (Verify with the official key.)

  139. Q139Open question

    Which of the following is/are NOT a cold ocean current? 1. Agulhas current 2. Brazil current 3. Humboldt current 4. California current Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Agulhas and Brazil currents are warm western-boundary currents; Humboldt (Peru) and California currents are cold.

  140. Q140Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Acid - Found in) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Lactic acid - Curd 2. Tartaric acid - Grapes 3. Acetic acid - Potato Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) Only 3

    Explanation

    Acetic acid is found in vinegar, not potato; lactic acid (curd) and tartaric acid (grapes, tamarind) are correct.

  141. Q141Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The territories of the Sultanate could be broadly divided into two parts - the Khalsa and the Jagirs. Reason (R): The Jagirs comprised of the land under the control of the State. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    Sultanate land was broadly khalisa (crown land administered directly by the state) and iqta/jagir (assigned land). Land under direct state control was khalisa, so R is false.

  142. Q142Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Directive Principles are important for economic, social and political functions in a modern democratic State. Reason (R): The core objective of Directive Principles is to establish economic and social democracy. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    DPSPs aim at a welfare state and economic and social democracy, which is why they guide governance in a modern democracy.

  143. Q143Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Sustainable development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise the needs of future generations. Reason (R): Agenda 21 was signed by world leaders in 1995. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

    Explanation

    The Assertion is the Brundtland definition. Agenda 21 was adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, not in 1995.

  144. Q144Open question

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Mission): A. Chandrayaan-3 B. Aditya L1 C. INSAT-3DS D. RLV-LEX-01 List-II (Date of Launch): 1. 02 September 2023 2. 17 February 2024 3. 14 July 2023 4. 02 April 2023 Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.

    1. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
    2. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
    3. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
    4. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (A) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

    Explanation

    Chandrayaan-3: 14 July 2023; Aditya-L1: 2 September 2023; INSAT-3DS: 17 February 2024; RLV-LEX-01 (autonomous landing experiment): 2 April 2023.

  145. Q145Open question

    With reference to the 'Indian Ocean', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was called by the ancient Greeks the Erythraean Sea. 2. It is spread on either side of the equator. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Only 2
    4. Both 1 and 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Greek geographers called the western Indian Ocean the Erythraean Sea (e.g. Periplus of the Erythraean Sea); the ocean extends north and south of the equator.

  146. Q146Open question

    Consider the following sources of world water supply and arrange them in descending order. 1. Oceans 2. Rivers 3. Polar ice and Glaciers 4. Ground water Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1, 2, 4, 3
    2. 1, 4, 3, 2
    3. 1, 3, 4, 2
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1, 3, 4, 2

    Explanation

    Oceans hold about 97% of Earth's water, ice caps and glaciers about 2%, groundwater under 1%, and rivers a tiny fraction.

  147. Q147Open question

    Which of the following pairs (Dam - River) is/are NOT correctly matched? 1. Baglihar Dam - Chenab 2. Pandoh Dam - Ravi 3. Srisailam Dam - Tungabhadra Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (D) 2 and 3

    Explanation

    Baglihar is on the Chenab. Pandoh Dam is on the Beas (Mandi) and Srisailam Dam is on the Krishna.

  148. Q148Open question

    Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A): India is the second largest mobile gaming market in the world. Reason (R): There are more than 950 million internet users in India. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. (A) is false, but (R) is true
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    3. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    4. (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    India ranks among the top mobile gaming markets by users (second only to China) and has over 950 million internet subscribers (TRAI). A large internet base supports but does not by itself explain the ranking. (Verify with the official key.)

  149. Q149Open question

    Who among the following had won the International Booker Prize in 2025? 1. Banu Mushtaq 2. Deepa Bhasthi 3. Sanjay Chauhan Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Only 3
    2. Only 1
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (C) 1 and 2

    Explanation

    Heart Lamp by Kannada writer Banu Mushtaq, translated by Deepa Bhasthi, won the 2025 International Booker; the prize is shared by author and translator.

  150. Q150Open question

    With reference to 'Vice-President of India', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. 2. Vice-President is a member of the Rajya Sabha. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 1
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Only 2
    Show answer & explanation

    Answer: (B) Only 1

    Explanation

    Under Article 64 the Vice-President is ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha but is not a member of the House.

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